Thousands of Malaysians migrate to the Klang
Valley in search of opportunities, paving the way for an regional
economic imbalance.

PETALING JAYA: It is no secret that Klang Valley is Malaysia’s most attractive economic hotspot.
Consisting of vibrant population centres such as Kuala Lumpur,
Petaling Jaya and Klang, the region is teeming with a myriad of
business, education and entertainment prospects.
These factors, International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM)
professor Alias Abdullah said, have led to people flocking to the
economic centre from all over the country.
Because of this, Alias estimated that at least 40% of Selangor residents were in fact domestic migrants.
“Migration has been happening from other states towards Selangor.
Selangor has a higher population not because of natural growth but
because of migration. At least 40% to 50% (of its residents come) from
other states,” he said.
Alias said Klang Valley had always captured the attention of investors, more so than the rest of Malaysia.
“We cannot deny that Klang Valley is the most attractive area for
investment. The concentration has been here for quite some time… three
or four decades.
“You have the increase of land value, good infrastructure,
centralisation, the number of public and private universities,” he said.
At 5.462 million people, Selangor has the highest population in the country, according to the 2010 Population and Census Report.
The state also has 2.1 million more people than Johor, its nearest
contender (3.348 million), and recorded an average annual population
growth rate at 2.7% (from 2000 to 2010).
Selangor’s rapid growth was also displayed under the 2010 Preliminary Count Report.
Once the state’s most sparsely populated district, Sepang experienced
heavy average annual population growth rates, with 7.62% from 1991 to
2000 and 7.81% from 2000 to 2010.
Recorded at having 48,941 inhabitants in 1991, it now has 212,050 people.
KL’s neighbour, Petaling, also saw a heavy influx of residents over
the past 20 years, nearly tripling from 633,165 in 1991 to 1,782,375 by
2010.
The nation’s capital recorded a population of 1.67 million last year, with an annual average population growth rate of 1.9%.
Currently having a population density of 6,891 (the highest in the
country), KL was estimated to have 2.2 million people by 2020.
‘KL, a powerful magnet’
Alias said that Sepang’s population explosion could be attributed to
the building of the nearby Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA),
and federal territory Putrajaya.
Petaling, too, was experiencing an incredibly rapid growth, with the
IIUM professor and urban planner claiming a “300% to 400% increase” of
development in the past decade.
“Population has increased in Selangor because people have bought
houses there. They’re not from Selangor, but they stay there and work in
KL,” he said.
However, the heavy concentration of development in the Klang Valley often led to other economic corridors being left out.
Regions such as Perlis, Kedah, Penang and Pahang through their
economic corridors, he said, had to fight for the government’s
attention.
“They cannot compete with Greater KL. I don’t see it as being neglected but it is depending on the pull factor.
“Other states have economic development programmes but the KL magnet
is so powerful that it attracts a lot of things and diminishes other
projects,” he said.
Alias added that when it came to weighing the benefits, businessmen often chose KL because of the obvious and larger returns.
“People will say, ‘Why should I open a business in Terengganu when I can make more money in KL?’” he said.
Alias warned that this concentration combined with heavy migration to
the Klang Valley would lead to a “regional imbalance” if left
unchecked.
“You will see a lot of traffic problems, a frequent increase of
goods, facilities and utilities. Even energy consumption will increase,
as you’ll have to provide more energy and water supplies,” he said.
A quick search on local property website iProperty.com revealed a
disparity in house prices. Most double-storey terrace houses in Ipoh
were priced at RM400,000 or less.
Many double-storey terrace houses in Petaling Jaya, however, could
fetch more than RM500,000 each, with RM300,000 considered as low-range
for a single unit.
Water, too, was a major concern.
“With rapid development, rivers will be wiped out and the government
will have to invest a lot of infrastructure (to get water) from other
states,” said Alias.
A “tense (living) environment”, he said, would follow suit,
especially with residents having to work longer hours and spending more
time commuting to their jobs.
He also predicted that fast-growing cities could lead to a rise in family problems as well as an increase in crime rate.
Alias said both federal and state governments needed to be careful if it wanted to avoid these issues.
Economic decentralisation needed
Agreeing with him was Monash University associate professor Phua Kai Lit, who suggested economic decentralisation as a solution.

“What the government can do is decentralise some of the growth, maybe locate to other areas besides the Klang Valley,” he said.
“They should look at places like East Malaysia as the growth poles
where people will migrate to but they’re not because they have economic
problems,” he added.
Doubling as a sociologist, Phua said that East Malaysia’s lack of
opportunities was a primary reason why many there crossed over to the
Peninsula.
“You need to encourage foreign investment, provide physical
infrastructure, build ports, provide (adequate) water and power supplies
and that sort of thing.
“If you decentralise, you wouldn’t have this problem,” he said.