QUESTION TIME I became a journalist at the
Business Times, then a standalone newspaper, in 1978.
Three years later in 1981 Dr Mahathir Mohamad became prime minister of Malaysia, its fourth, succeeding Hussein Onn.
I
have followed his career quite closely since and frankly I am not
impressed. He started off with promise - and promised a lot - but
fulfilled none if any.
In fact I would go so far as to say that he was positively the worst prime minister this country has ever had.
Through
destruction of institutions such as an independent judiciary, running
roughshod over civil servants, bringing his brand of power, patronage
and poor economics into decision making, and making use of oppressive
laws he used an iron fist to rule and in the process brought more harm
to this country than any other person alive or dead.
Much of the
problems of Malaysia can be traced back to him and he has made it
difficult for his successors to make major changes going forward, much
of which would involve unwinding processes and linkages he had put in
place before.
Mahathir, after he stepped down, questioned decisions taken by his successor, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.
True
to form, he never stopped intervening and systematically undermining
Abdullah's tenure by making disparaging comments and organising dissent
against him.
Now he has admitted inflating voter rolls in Sabah
during his tenure by giving citizenship to illegal migrants, justifying
this by the independence agreement of 1957 which granted citizenship to
migrant Chinese and Indians who came here during British rule.
And
he has controversially called for the Barisan Nasional to be given two
thirds majority in Parliament so that they can revoke the citizenship of
Bersih leader Ambiga Sreenevasan, the clear implication being you can
change the constitution of the country to take away citizenship of
anyone at will, and presumably those who were given citizenship in 1957
and their descendants.
Questions to ponder onIn June 2006, three years after Mahathir stepped down, I wrote an article for
The Edge, the weekly business newspaper where I worked then, titled '22 questions for Mahathir'.
This
basically questioned Mahathir's leadership by asking 22 groups of
questions for each of 22 years he held power as prime minister.
Considering
all that Mahathir has said recently, here's a list of those 22
questions to ponder again - but the original unedited ones which were
slightly different and with minor revisions to take into account recent
developments.
You can judge for yourself what kind of prime minister he was and what kind of weight we should put on what he says.
1. On clean government.
You came to power in 1981 and introduced the slogan 'bersih, cekap dan
amanah' (clean, efficient and trustworthy) the following year. What did
you do to further that?
Did you make the Anti-Corruption Agency
more independent and effective? Did you ensure that the police did their
job properly and reduce corruption in their ranks?
Did you ensure that ministers and chief ministers did not have income beyond their legal means?
Did you make the judicial system more effective? Did you do things transparently?
How many big guns were prosecuted for corruption offences during your long tenure? What happened to 'bersih cekap dan amanah.?
Tempurung of a different order
2. Press freedom.
While your heavy criticism of the government under Abdullah and your
ranting and ravings now get plenty of coverage in the local media,
during your time criticisms against you by two former prime ministers -
Tunku Abdul Rahman and Hussein Onn - were muted in the mainstream
newspapers.
The other, Abdul Razak Hussein, current prime
minister Najib Razak's father, had passed away then. Editors in
Umno-linked newspapers, too, were removed during your time for not
toeing the line.
What have you done to advance the cause of responsible press freedom? Is it a concept you believe in at all?
3. Proton. You
went ahead with the national car project in 1983 despite a number of
experts disagreeing with you, especially with respect to lack of
economies of scale.
Why, especially when Proton's profit over
the last 28 years came out of vastly higher prices that the Malaysian
public pays, resulting in considerable hardship, especially to the
poorer people who could not afford cars?
More lately, Proton has
been taken over by one of your close associates Syed Mokhtar
Al-Bukhary's DRB-Hicom. DRB-Hicom's lack of expertise and economies of
scale in car production promises continued high prices for Proton cars
which no doubt you will support as Proton adviser.
4. Heavy industries.
Why did you push into heavy industries such as steel and cement in the
eighties, ignoring studies which suggested developing resource-based
industries instead?
They caused major problems and billions of
ringgit in losses. The steel industry continues to be protected largely
because of moves that you allowed during your tenure as prime minister.
Consequences of thoughtless action 5. Population. Why
did you encourage a population of 70 million for Malaysia and change
the name of the National Family Planning Board to the National
Population Development Board?
How do you expect poor people to
take care of five, six or more children? What kind of quality can they
provide to their children?
Is this not now reflected in rural poverty and widening income gaps between the rich and the poor?
6. Immigration. Why
did you allow hordes of people to immigrate, mainly from Indonesia, in
such an unregulated way such that there are as many or more illegal
immigrants than legal ones, now accounting for some two million or more
people?
Did you not realise that this will cause serious social
problems and depress the cost of Malaysian labour? Why did you give
citizenship to thousands of them to tilt the balance of voting in Sabah?
Where were your moral standards?
7. On his first deputy. Some
five years after you came to power, there were serious rifts between
you and your deputy Musa Hitam. What was the cause of these problems and
is it because you were heavy-handed and did not consult your ministers?
8. On the first serious Umno split.
When Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah and Musa took on you and Ghafar Baba at
the Umno general assembly of 1987, it caused a serious split in Umno
with you winning by a very narrow margin (761 to 718).
Why did
you not seek to heal the rift in Umno post the elections? Instead you
purged Umno and its successor Umno Baru of those who opposed you causing
an unprecedented split in Malay unity.
In 1987 were you not the
leader with the least amount of support that Umno had ever had? Were
you not directly or indirectly responsible for the most serious split in
Malay unity?
9. Operation Lalang. Why did you
have to resort to this move in October 1987, when you used wide powers
of detention under the Internal Security Act to detain over 100 people,
close down four newspapers and cause a wave of fear throughout the
country?
Was it to consolidate your tenuous hold on power then by
using an oppressive law? You could have used your position as Barisan
Nasional leader to defuse the racial tensions at the time over the
appointment of non-Chinese educated headmasters to Chinese schools.
Ghost entity ruling the roost10. Umno Baru. You
are of course aware that Umno's correct name now is Umno Baru because
the old Umno was declared illegal by the courts in 1988.
Why did
you not take steps to legalise Umno? Is it because the formation of a
new Umno Baru made it easier to keep out members who opposed you?
And why did you amend rules to make it extremely difficult to challenge the incumbent president and deputy president?
Was
it to forestall any more challenges to you? Didn't Umno Baru become
less democratic as a result? Did you put in place measures to prolong
your rule?
11. Judiciary. What was your motive
in taking action in 1988 to remove the Chief Justice and several Supreme
Court judges from their positions under allegations of judicial
misconduct, a move which was heavily criticised by the Bar Council and
other bodies?
Is it because you needed more compliant judges
whose rulings will not threaten your position of power in a number of
cases in court?
Was this the first step in dismantling the judiciary's role as a check and balance against the legislature and the executive?
What
have you to say to repeated assertions by many, including prominent
ex-Chief Justices, who maintain that this led to the erosion of judicial
independence and perceived abuse of power?
Why did you not take any action against a Chief Justice who had taken a holiday abroad with some lawyers?
Responsible for education decline?12. Education. You
presided over the education system at an important part of its
transformation first as education minister in the seventies, then as
prime minister.
Would it be correct to surmise therefore that you were responsible for its decline during those years?
Why
did you not spend more money and resources to ensure that our education
system was excellent and continued to improve but instead spent
billions on other showpiece projects?
13. Former finance miniister Daim Zainuddin.
Why did you give this one man so much power, allowing him to decide on
the award of virtually all government projects and tenders, and other
projects?
14. Cronyism and patronage. Did you
not encourage cronyism and patronage by dishing out major projects to a
few within the inner circle, and especially connected to Daim?
People
such as Halim Saad (the Renong group - toll roads, telecommunications
etc), Tajudin Ramli (mobile telephone TRI group and Malaysia Airlines),
Amin Shah Omar (the failed PSC Industries - multi-billion ringgit naval
dockyard contracts), Ting Pek Khiing (Ekran - the Bakun Dam) to mention
just a few? Why did you not use open tenders and auctions?
15. Privatisation. Why
did you allow privatisation to take place in such a manner that the
most profitable parts of government operation were given away to
cronies?
Toll roads had guaranteed toll increases and
compensation in the event traffic projections were not met. Independent
power producers had contracts that guaranteed them profits at the
expense Tenaga Nasional.
No pals in politics holds true
16. Ghafar Baba. Although
Ghafar had the highest number of votes among vice-presidents when
Hussein Onn became prime minister in 1976, you, who got the lowest
number of votes, were chosen as Hussein's deputy.
Yet when you called upon Ghafar to be your deputy in 1987, he obliged, helping you to win the Umno presidency.
But
you did little to back him up when he was challenged for the deputy
presidency in 1993 by Anwar Ibrahim. Can we say that you stabbed him in
the back?
17. Anwar Ibrahim. Did you move against him because he was a threat to your position in 1998?
Did
you use the entire government machinery at your disposal to get him
sentenced under trumped up charges of sodomy? Do you think he got a fair
trial? Don't you think the country suffered terribly because of this
power struggle involving the two of you?
18. Bank Negara losses. How
could you tacitly encourage the central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia to
engage in speculative trades, using as an excuse the need to protect
foreign exchange reserves?
Bank Negara lost some RM32 billion in
1993, according to some accounts, as a result of taking positions in
the foreign exchange market. In current prices, using an average
inflation rate of 3.2% a year, that amounts to nearly RM60 billion!
19. KL International Airport. Was
it really necessary to spend RM10 billion on a showpiece airport at
Sepang when the Subang airport could have been so easily extended?
The
airport was operating way below capacity for years and it probably is
today, 14 years later, judging by its emptiness at some times during the
day. The RM130 million low-cost terminal carries more passengers that
the main terminal!
20. Putrajaya. What
is the justification for spending RM20 billion on a grandiose
government city at a time when office space was available in Kuala
Lumpur? Could not the money be put to better use such as improving
educational resources?
21. Government-linked companies (GLCs). Why did you not make efforts to improve the performance of GLCs?
Why
did you allow funds such as the Employees Provident Fund and Kumpulan
Wang Amanah Pencen to take up dubious investments to basically help
cronies out of their problems?
These have led to billions of
ringgit in losses to these funds. Thankfully, there has been
improvements in these areas after you left.
22.
Don't you
think you owe it to the nation and the people to offer explanations
over your 22-year tenure which is replete with examples of incompetence,
corruption and cronyism, mismanagement and misallocation in the
billions of ringgit and which has set the country back years?
Don't you think, more than anyone else, you deserve to be branded as a
traitor to this country for grossly abusing your position as prime
minister?
P GUNASEGARAM is founding editor of business news portal
KiniBiz, a joint-venture with
Malaysiakini.
He sees democracy as a systems of laws, institutions, checks and
balances to ensure everyone's rights, not just elections every five
years or so.