On pendatangs, ‘social contract’ and Goebbels lies

Persatuan Hindraf Malaysia is surprised by the polemics of ‘social contract’ often raised by leaders in government to further their political ambitions, especially during the annual Umno general assemblies.

The Chinese Malaysian community has been branded as anti-Malay and ungrateful for not supporting the BN in the last general election. Vernacular schools have been threatened with closure. The non-Malays are often termed ‘pendatang’ and are reminded they have to be grateful for being given an opportunity to live in Malaysia.

I have personally perused thousands of original pre-Merdeka documents and during the negotiations for Merdeka. Tunku Abdul Rahman and Abdul Razak Hussein, who led the Alliance party to make representations before the Reid constitutional commission, never used the words ‘pendatang’ or ‘social contract’. Social contract is a non-existent word and was probably created along the way by conniving politicians to maintain the racial divide in the country.

It must also be remembered that pre-independence vernacular schools included the Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan known as Malay schools. It was only after independence that these ‘Malay schools’ were converted into Sekolah Kebangsaan and the Chinese and Tamil schools were maintained irresponsibly by the government as vernacular schools with limited funds and discriminated a against.

I can vouch that Indians and Chinese were not liabilities to the then-Malaya, but were instead an asset to Malaya as the Malayan economy 10 years before and after independence was dependent on both the Indian and Chinese communities.

The Indians were almost 80 percent of the labour workforce in the plantations industry which contributed almost 70 percent of the export income; whereas the Chinese contributed to a further 29 percent income in the Malayan revenue in the form of tin exports.

The British ruling government, together with the then-Malay rulers and politicians, recognised the contributions of these two communities and understood the need to maintain and settle these communities in Malaya permanently in order that Malaya could sustain itself economically. Had the Indians and Chinese left in 1957, I can personally say Malaya would have been bankrupted instantly. I say these based on the documentary evidence I have seen and possess.

The government leaders and the people at large have to understand that after 57 years of Merdeka and being born in Malaysia as a fourth generation Indian, I am entitled to be treated as an equal citizen.

I and millions of Indians and Chinese have settled in Malaysia for more than 100 years and I wonder how long more would government leaders deceive themselves that we are ‘pendatangs’, conveniently forgetting the large influx of Indonesians into Malaya in the 1920s and the recent migrant Indonesian, Bangladeshis and Pakistanis who are given citizenship and enjoy the status of bumiputra whereas we remain second class citizens. The continuous lies and distortions of historical facts have to end. The people will not fall for the ‘Joseph Goebbels lies theory’.

Declassify documents pertaining to Merdeka

It is time for the government to declassify all documents pertaining to Merdeka and let the entire Malaysian community see for themselves what was originally intended and agreed on by our forefathers and how Tunku Abdul Rahman went against his own promises to work on a multi-racial basis before the Reid constitutional commission, and then months later colluded with the British government to short change the non-Malays by rewriting the constitution to suit his agenda.

Persatuan Hindraf Malaysia urges leaders like Khairy Jamaluddin to stop reminding the non-Malays of “our promises” but to look into history and see for themselves  how the constitution had been manipulated and crucial provisions guaranteeing fundamental rights of citizens conveniently ignored and diluted to protect a particular race and religion.

The rhetoric of Malay Supremacy has to end with a modern all-encompassing society where the wealth of this nation should be shared by all citizens.  Only then would Malaysia progress and society live in peace and harmony.

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P WAYTHAMOORTHY is chairperson, Persatuan Hindraf Malaysia.

Khairy: New social contract needed

Non Malays would not mind affirmative action to help Malays provided a clear deadline is worked out under the new agreement, says Umno youth chief.

PETALING JAYA: A new social contract is needed to help forge closer ties among Malaysians, said Umno youth chief Khairy Jamaluddin.

Khairy said among the issues that could be discussed in the new agreement was a clear deadline for all affirmative action policies so as not to create animosity among various races.

Speaking at a forum titled ‘National Unity: From Vision to Action’ organised by the 1Malaysia Foundation, he said a referendum should be held to get masses to support the new deal.

Also present at the forum which was attended by about 70 people, were Serdang MP Teo Nie Ching and Balik Pulau MP Mohd Yusmadi Mohd Yusoff.

Touching on the Malay community, Khairy said he believed that the non Malays would not mind affirmative action to help the Malays, provided a clear deadline is given.

“And after its expiration date, we can start helping people based on merit. All this can be discussed in the new social contract,” said Khairy who is also Rembau MP.

Touching on the New Economic Policy (NEP), he said since its inception in the 1970s, about RM52 billion worth of shares were given to the Malays but only about RM2 billion is left in the hands of the community.

“Though effective, we can question its implementation as previously a lot of funds were used to bail out failed privatisation projects.

“This shows that transferring wealth alone will not help the Malays. We need to create capacity and the know-how in order to sustain the wealth,” said Khairy.

Quality education

On the school system, Khairy said it was best that the nation adopt a one school system for all to forge ties among children of all races in their formative years.

However, he conceded that the quality of education in national schools needs improvement and concerns of the non Malays must be addressed before implementing the policy.

“If the children wants to learn Tamil and Mandarin, we should give them the option,” he said.
Meanwhile, United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Party (Upko) central committee member Masiung Banah wants a second deputy prime minister position for East Malaysians.

“The appointment would ensure that the interests of Sabah and Sarawak would be taken care of,” said Banah.

He also wants the government to lead by example and politicians to understand what unity is all about before preaching to the public.

“During the ‘Allah’ controversy, the Cabinet at first agreed to allow Christians to use the word. Days later, they retracted it. Where is the integrity in doing that? We must remember that people are watching,” said Baniah.

‘Attempted’ sodomy, no actual penetration of Saiful, says report

KUALA LUMPUR, Feb 16 — An initial medical report revealed that Mohd Saiful Bukhari Azlan had told Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) doctors that Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim had “attempted” to sodomise him, but no actual penetration had taken place.

Dr Khairul Hakim, one of the HKL doctors who had examined him admitted today that the proforma report stated that Saiful had told examining doctors on June 28,2008 that there was “attempted” sodomy and oral sex, but not actual penetration.

Khairul however insisted that Saiful did not say this to him when the latter met him, and maintained that Saiful had told him he was sodomised.

“Based on the proforma report, it was attempted sodomy and oral sex. But he (Saiful) did not say it was attempted,” said Khairul.

This led defence counsel Karpal Singh to ask Khairul the merits of the report.

“Is a proforma report on based on wha SP1 (Saiful) said? Based on the proforma report, there could not have been any penetration because it was attempted,” said Karpal.

Anwar, the 62-year-old PKR de facto leader, is currently facing sodomy charges for the second time in his life.

The former deputy prime minister is charged with sodomising a former aide, Mohd Saiful Bukhari Azlan at Unit 11-5-1 of the Desa Damansara Condominium in Jalan Setiakasih, Bukit Damansara here between 3.01pm and 4.30pm on June 26, 2008.

Anwar has denied the charge, describing it as “evil, frivolous lies by those in power” when the charge was read out to him. He is charged under section 377B of the Penal Code and can be sentenced to a maximum of 20 years’ jail and whipping upon conviction. The trial is taking place 18 months after Anwar was charged in court in August 2008.

He was charged with sodomy and corruption in 1998 after he was sacked from the Cabinet and was later convicted and jailed for both offences. He was freed in September 2004 and later resurrected his political career by winning back his Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat in a by-election in 2008, which had been held in the interim by his wife.

He had three years ago led the opposition coalition, Pakatan Rakyat, to a historic sweep of five states and 82 parliamentary seats in Election 2008.

Malays is only for 15 years – Tun Razak. End UMNO racism and religious supremacy and Malaysia being the world’s most racist country.

Hindraf has done it’s homework at the Public Records Office (National Archives) in Kew, London on 3rd June onwards. To start off with there is no such thing as the social contract as UMNO has been repeatedly proclaiming, insisting and conveniently implementing their bully racist and religious supremacist policies.

The social contract is a very recent phenomena created by a mere UMNO Member of Parliament. In 1986 Datuk Abdullah Ahmad the Member of Parliament for Kok Lanas, Kelantan he said;

“The political system of Malay dominance was born out of the sacrosanct social contract which preceded national independence. Let us never forget that in the Malaysian political system, the Malay position must be preserved and that Malay expectations must be met. There have been moves to question, to set aside and to violate this contract that have threatened the stability of the system”.

“The May 1969 riots arose out of the challenge to the system agreed upon out of the non fulfillment of the substance of the contract. The New Economic Policy (NEP) is the programme after those riots in 1969 to fulfil the promises of the contract in 1957.”

The NEP must continue to sustain Malay dominance in the political system in line with the contract of 1957. Even after 1990 there must be mechanisms of preservation, protection and expansion in an evolving system (Abdullah Ahmad, quoted in The Star newspaper, 31, Viii 1986) – Marvis Puthucheary – Malaysia’s “Social Contract” in the book Sharing the Nation by Noraini Othman and two others at page 12.

Written records of the interparty discussions of the Alliance leaders indicate that the Constitutional provisions on the “special position” were understood more as a protective measure for the Malay community which was then socio-economically disadvantged. Referred to by Raja Aziz Addruse and Helen Ting (NST 6/7/08 page 22).

In their oral submissions to the Reid Commission the Alliance leaders requested the insertion of a constitutional provision for the review of the “special position” of the Malays 15 years after independence. Though subsequently removed, this implies that the Alliance leaders themselves did not intend the provisions to be a permanent feature of independent Malaysia.

The founding political bargain was later construed as and renamed “the social contract.” The original alliance “deal” or pragmatic compromise was “rebounded” and given legitimacy by association with modern liberal and democratic political philosophy and it’s core idea of the “social contract” of free and equal citizens as joint stakeholders in the political order. Marvis Puthucheary – Malaysia’s “Social Contract” in the book Sharing the Nation by Noraini Othman and two others at page 20.

For example, earlier work suggest and the recently published memoirs of Tun Dr. Ismail confirm that the “special position” of Malays in the Constitution was interpreted as nothing more than ‘a temporary measure to ensure their (Malay) survival in the modern competitive world (Ooi 2006 : 83), a temporary ‘handicap’ as in golf to encourage and support Malays in the key competences of modernity while they so to speak, lifted and improved their game. These special Malay rights, Tun Ismail held, should not apply in perpetuity, only for a very limited period, and would not last any longer than that. The ‘slur” of their continuing existence would ensure their termination before very long at Malay insistence and from a determination to uphold Malay self respect. Marvis Puthucheary – Malaysia’s “Social Contract” in the book ‘Sharing the Nation’ by Noraini Othman and two others page 23.

As per Hindraf’s research at the Public Records Office at Kew, London on 3rd June 2007 onwards, we noted that at the hearing of the Reid Commission on 27/9/56 at 10.00 a.m, Tun Razak had said that the special position of Malays should be reviewed 15 years after Independence. Chairman Lord Reid had asked, “Are you putting any period of compulsory review”, and Tunku Abdul Rahman replied that the suggestion is that there should be a review every 15 years. The main thing the special position of Malays should be reviewed every 15 years. Chairman.” “15 years for Federal and State” and the Tunku replied, “Yes (ref page 34,35 and 36 of 50 Years Of Violations Of The Malaysian Federal Constitution by (the UMNO controlled) Malaysian Government by P. Uthayakumar dated 28/7/2007.

It is therefore plain and obvious that in pursuance of the UMNO Malay muslim supremacy agenda in particular in preserving the Indian poor and creating the future Indian poor, UMNO has refused to implement the second limb of Article 153 (1) which guarantees the legitimate interests of the non Malays (in particular the Indian poor). But UMNO has abused the first limb of Article 153 (1) which provides for Malay Special Privileges and the non existent social contract to implement Malay muslim supremacy to the brim. So much so that after 53 years of independence Malaysia has evolved to become the world’s most racist and religious extremist and supremacist regime when the last such regime was put to an end with the demise of the South African apartheid regime.

P. Uthayakumar

Why Onn Jaafar really left Umno to form the IMP (part 10 of the series on the Social Contract)

On 21st December 1951, around four years before the Constitutional Conference of January-February 1956, the British government came out with a report on the racial situation in Malaya. The Malay-Chinese population ratio then was 50:50 but because many Chinese were not allowed citizenship this ratio eventually tipped in favour of the Malays. Page four of this report reveals that Umno aimed to embark on a ‘Malaya for the Malays’ policy and that was why Dato Onn Jaafar broke away from Umno to form his Independence of Malaya Party (IMP).
NO HOLDS BARRED
Raja Petra Kamarudin

KDN perlu tunjuk 'isyarat' jangan pertikai lagi Perlembagaan

Utusan Malaysia

Apabila Sultan Perak, Sultan Selangor, Sultan Johor dan beberapa Putera Raja-raja Melayu melahirkan kebimbangan terhadap usaha pihak tertentu membangkitkan isu kandungan Perlembagaan Persekutuan dan mempertikaikan kontrak sosial, sampai hari ini ia masih diperkatakan.

Baru-baru ini hasil Mesyuarat Majlis Raja- Raja kali ke-222 yang berlangsung di Istana Negara pada 13 dan 14 Oktober lalu, Raja-raja sepakat menyuarakan kebimbangan mereka.

Trend politik semasa di negara ini yang dilihat sedang meniup angin perkauman dan mencabar kedaulatan Perlembagaan negara amat-amat dipandang berat.

Kelmarin, Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja- Raja, Engku Tan Sri Ibrahim Engku Ngah dalam kenyataannya berkata Raja-Raja Melayu berpegang bahawa kontrak sosial yang telah dipersetujui ini merupakan watikah yang menjadi asas kepada keadilan sosial di negara ini yang merangkumi cita-cita bagi mencapai hasrat pembahagian ekonomi secara adil.

Sejak Mac 2008 lagi, akibat nafsu untuk berkuasa, perkara-perkara dalam kontrak sosial tiba-tiba dijadi modal politik untuk ditukar ganti. Jelas pemimpin-pemimpin yang membangkit perkara sensitif ini tidak peduli kefahaman rakyat yang selama lebih 50 tahun telah memahami dan menghayati sejarah pembentukan negara dan Perlembagaan Persekutuan yang diasaskan kepada kontrak sosial.

Tetapi sekelip mata mereka cuba mengapi-apikan rakyat supaya menyokong perjuangan mereka untuk berkuasa supaya dapat mengubah dan meminda kandungan Perlembagaan Persekutuan terutama mengenai perkara-perkara menyentuh agama Islam, kedudukan Raja-Raja Melayu, orang Melayu dan bahasa Melayu.

Sebagaimana telah ditegaskan oleh Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak ketika memberi ucapan dasar Presiden pada Perhimpunan Agung UMNO Ke-61 lalu, bahawa Perlembagaan Persekutuan tidak boleh dipinda sesuka hati tanpa mendapat perkenan Majlis Raja-raja.

Kini Majlis Raja-raja meluahkan rasa hati masing-masing akan perkembangan politik dalam negara yang dilihat amat membimbangkan.

Majlis Raja-raja juga memandang serius kewujudan jenayah yang dikategorikan sebagai jenayah berat, yang boleh mengancam keselamatan, ketenteraman dan imej negara.

Usaha Kerajaan Persekutuan untuk menyatupadukan rakyat berbilang kaum berlandaskan semangat yang termaktub dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan mungkin sia-sia jika peruntukan negara tidak dihormati.

Hakikatnya, pihak tertinggi pentadbiran negara iaitu Majlis Raja-raja sudah menyuarakan pandangan mereka. Perdana Menteri dan pemimpin Barisan Nasional juga sudah berpuluh kali diseru supaya mengambil tindakan serius terhadap penghasut ketenteraman negara.

Tidak sukar untuk mengenal pasti siapa yang memanaskan bara perkauman dan mempertikai Perlembagaan negara. Kementerian Dalam Negeri (KDN) pasti tahu siapa mereka.

Kini hanya pihak berkuasa yang berada di bawah KDN perlu menunjukkan 'isyarat' kepada pihak tertentu supaya hentikan mainan api perkauman dan menyebar dakyah memburuk-burukkan Perlembagaan negara.

Tidak perlu kita mengajar apakah tindakan yang patut diambil ke atas individu yang cuba mempertikai dan menghina Perlembagaan apatah lagi kuasa Majlis Raja-raja.

Jangan biarkan api perkauman terus dibiar membara. Bertindaklah demi kesejahteraan negara dan rakyat sebelum nasi menjadi bubur.

NO HOLDS BARRED Friday, 29 October 2010 The Constitutional Conference of January-February 1956 agreed that a Constitutional Commission would be set to address many issues, one being to "safeguard the position and prestige of the Rulers" plus to "safeguard the special position of the Malays and the legitimate interests of the other (non-Malay) communities". There is no agreement on the Malays being accorded special rights and privileges and it was agreed that the new Federal Constitution of Malaya would be based on what the Constitutional Conference decides. NO HOLDS BARRED Raja Petra Kamarudin Read more 10 Comments Be patient, Perkasa tells Orang Asli NEWS/COMMENTARIES Friday, 29 October 2010 By Patrick Lee. Free Malaysia Today The Orang Asli must wait for the government to provide their much-needed infrastructure, according to right-wing Malay NGO Perkasa. “They (the Orang Asli) need to wait. (Prime Minister) Najib (Tun Razak) is taking steps to transform Malaysia,” said Perkasa Youth chief Arman Azhar Abu Hanifah. Asked how long the Orang Asli must wait before seeing results, Arman said it would take time. “Our country is big, and it is still young. It is only 53 years old,” he said. Read more 15 Comments DAP, PKR dismiss ‘secret’ pact to ensure Chinese rule NEWS/COMMENTARIES Friday, 29 October 2010 By Shazwan Mustafa Kamal, The Malaysian Insider PKR and DAP lawmakers have furiously dismissed the notion of a secret pact between the two allies to ensure Chinese rule should Pakatan Rakyat (PR) capture Putrajaya. Instead both parties trained their guns on ex-PKR MP Zulkifli Noordin, who made the claim, calling him a liar who was “spinning tall tales” to serve his “political masters” in Barisan Nasional (BN). Read more 11 Comments MCLM’s Social Contract NO HOLDS BARRED Thursday, 28 October 2010 This was our Agreement, our Contract, THE Social Contract, a Magna Carta of sorts. And that is why we defend this Social Contract in the form of The People’s Voice and The People’s Declaration with passion and zeal. NO HOLDS BARRED Raja Petra Kamarudin Read more 6 Comments The mystery of the missing initial report THE CORRIDORS OF POWER Thursday, 28 October 2010 In 2008, the police raided my house to look for the PUSRAWI medical report, which Malaysia Today published and which debunks Saiful Bukhari Azlan’s allegation that Anwar Ibrahim sodomised him. I was also brought in for interrogation with regards to that report. Two years on and that medical report is now said to be missing and the Prosecution declares it is not aware of such a report. Well, maybe we can republish it for the sake of the Prosecution. THE CORRIDORS OF POWER Raja Petra Kamarudin Read more 15 Comments Menara Tertinggi? Binalah Atas Gunung Kinabalu! A REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE Friday, 29 October 2010 Tidak, kita tidak perlu bermegah-megah dengan kecenderungan kepada megalomanic. Kita perlu melihat kepada keperluan semasa dan keutamaan ketika negara semakin hilang arah tujunya dipimpin oleh sebuah rejim yang mabuk kuasa bertunjangkan amalan pemerintahan strategi purba iaitu pecah dan perintah sebagai alat. Tidak, kita tidak mampu menanggung sebuah lagi menara kuasa. A REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE Dr. Azly Rahman (translated by Anonymous, from the English version) Read more 1 Comments Anal Retentive dUMNO speech LETTERS/SURAT Thursday, 28 October 2010 Written by dUMNO Yang Berhormat, Yang kurang Berhormat, dan Yang Tidak Dihormat, Datuk-Datuk, Nenek-Nenek, Tuan-Tuan, Puan-Puan dan para hadirin seklian. For the benefit of the NON's, I will conduct this important speech in England, just to prove that I can speaking it, terrer-terrer, like sebiji Orang Puteh. Let it be known that I will now "change my mode". Read more 8 Comments The Linda Tsen candidacy: Where did it come from? GUEST COLUMNISTS Friday, 29 October 2010 By Mariam Mokhtar, Malaysian Mirror One minute she is a housewife, devoted mother and part-time piano teacher; the next minute she is projected as the 'giant' and superwoman, who will restore BN's glory. They are expecting far too much of her in such a short, concentrated space of time. Read more 7 Comments A legacy of apathy and neglect NEWS/COMMENTARIES Friday, 29 October 2010 By Michael Kaung, Free Malaysia Today SANDAKAN: The Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition government, fighting to prevent the opposition from making inroads into Batu Sapi, is struggling to keep voter anger in check. In a nine-day sprint to woo a bitter electorate in this enormous constituency that sprawls over an area half the size of Johor, the BN election machinery is struggling to placate supporters who had expected wealth and job opportunities to pour in during its long regime. Read more 3 Comments RM465m paid for incomplete RM256m project NEWS/COMMENTARIES Thursday, 28 October 2010 By Rahmah Ghazali, Free Malaysia Today KUALA LUMPUR: The government has paid RM465 million to a company for a RM256 million job that it has not done, according to DAP publicity chief Tony Pua. The apparently scandalous deal was made in 1997 between the Defence Ministry and Kausar Corporation Sdn Bhd. Read more 14 Comments Saiful’s rectum was empty, doctor tells court NEWS/COMMENTARIES Thursday, 28 October 2010 By Debra Chong, The Malaysian Insider Surgeon Razali Ibrahim, who had examined Saiful Bukhary Azlan for signs of sodomy, told the High Court today he found the complainant’s rectum “empty”. Read more 30 Comments Malaysia’s Culture of Political and Social Oppression GUEST COLUMNISTS Thursday, 28 October 2010 By Nurul Izzah Anwar In recent years, Malaysia has seen a huge wave of migrations, with an estimated one million Malaysians now living abroad. The UK is now home to over 50,000 Malaysian citizens. Many travel to the UK to study or work, and choose not to return to Malaysia, often stifled by the lack of civil liberties and basic human rights in their own back yard. This is compounded by the race-based economic and social policies selectively championed by the ruling United Malay National Organisation(UMNO) that enriches a few at the expense of majority Malays who remain poor and where many non-Malays feel that they are often treated as second class citizens. Read more 7 Comments 'Secret DAP-PKR pact to keep Chinese in power' NEWS/COMMENTARIES Thursday, 28 October 2010 The younger generation must be taught the real historical facts surrounding the May 13, 1969 bloody riots so that they can be “exposed to the truth” about Gerakan and DAP. By Rahmah Ghazali, Free Malaysia Today Independent MP Zulkifli Noordin (Kulim Bandar Baru) today dropped a bombshell when he claimed that there is a “secret contract” between PKR and DAP to keep the Chinese in power if the opposition coalition takes over Putrajaya. Read more 21 Comments MCA boss: Dimwits in Umno should retire NEWS/COMMENTARIES Thursday, 28 October 2010 (Free Malaysia Today) - MCA president Dr Chua Soi Lek has one piece of advice for Umno leaders who are not the brightest of bulbs – retire. Read more 14 Comments Gerakan challenges Umno to contest in Chinese areas NEWS/COMMENTARIES Thursday, 28 October 2010 (The Star) - Umno can go ahead and contest in Chinese-majority seats in Penang in the next general election if it is so confident of winning, said Gerakan secretary-general Teng Chang Yeow. Read more 18 Comments The Malay understanding of the Social Contract VIDEO Thursday, 28 October 2010 Read more 27 Comments Part 22: How one signature is worth RM614 million but which the MACC does not regard as abuse of power THE CORRIDORS OF POWER Thursday, 28 October 2010 You have seen how a ‘surat sokongan’ or 'support letter' can get you a government contract. You have seen how Malaysian ministers, deputy prime ministers and prime ministers dish out 'surat sokongan' by the truck loads. But what does this translate to in terms of money? Well, this one contract alone comes to RM614 million. THE CORRIDORS OF POWER Raja Petra Kamarudin Read more 18 Comments More Articles... * The Constitutional Conference also addressed amendments to the Federation Agreement (part 7 of the series on the Social Contract) * When you don’t trust your own people * Can the Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement give life to the much talked about ‘Third Force’? * 246,962 register as voters in 3 months * 300 Malaysians * Of megalomaniacs and mega towers * Malaysia in the Era of Globalization #38 * Umno website Malaysia Instinct corrects the wrong Chinese version of Malayan history * Nurul Izzah questions ballot order in PKR polls * Najib pulling wools over rakyats’ eyes again with RM30billion. * UMNO/BN's Rakyat Diutamakan Down The Drain * Pls Help: Man faces torture for testifying cops beat detainee | Bkt Aman, 30/10, 10am * Social Contract & 1Malaysia * DAP Justice Reform Group * Bukit Larut - a natural treasure up for sacrifice? * « * Start * Prev * 1 * 2 * 3 * Next * End * » Page 1 of 3 Language Translation NO HOLDS BARRED Concluding the series on the Constitutional Conference which was the foundation of the ‘Social Contract’ (part 8 of the series on the Social Contract) News image The Constitutional Conference of January-February 1956 agreed that a Constitutional Commission would be set to address many issues, one being to "safegu... MCLM’s Social Contract News image This was our Agreement, our Contract, THE Social Contract, a Magna Carta of sorts. And that is why we defend this Socia... The Constitutional Conference also addressed amendments to the Federation Agreement (part 7 of the series on the Social Contract) News image The Federation of Malaya Agreement was signed on 21st January 1948 and came into force on 1st February of that same year. A form of common citizenship was created f... When you don’t trust your own people News image In other words, Pakatan Rakyat does not trust their own party members and they also don’t trust their own candidates. So they ha... The Constitutional Conference was attended by the Alliance government and not Umno (part 6 of the series on the Social Contract) News image Appendix A of the report on the Constitutional Conference held in London from January-February 1956 shows that it was attended by the Alliance government of Malaya and not Umno. A... Why the mad scramble (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) News image Your position as division chief is not a guarantee or passport to becoming a candidate in the elections. You do not earn that undisputed right to contest the general o... The ‘Social Contract’ is signed and sealed on 8th February 1956 (part 5 of the series on the Social Contract) News image The Constitutional Conference agreed that Merdeka be given to Malaya in August 1957 subject to certain constitutional changes, as can be read below. To achieve this and to meet t... The Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement (MCLM) (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) News image Earlier this month, Tan Sri Sanusi Junid came to my house for dinner and we talked about the MCLM that is going to be legalised at the end of t... The agreement on the Malayan Civil Service (part 4 of the series on the Social Contract) News image The Constitutional Conference of 1956 between the British government and the Alliance government of Malaya agreed that a Public Service Commission will be set up and that it will b... ‘Ketuanan Melayu’ was not part of the Merdeka deal (part 3 of the series on the Social Contract) News image The Constitutional Conference, which was held in London from 18th January to 6th February 1956, was attended by representatives of the Malay ... * Concluding the series on the Constitutional Conference which was the foundation of the ‘Social Contract’ (part 8 of the series on the Social Contract) * MCLM’s Social Contract * The Constitutional Conference also addressed amendments to the Federation Agreement (part 7 of the series on the Social Contract) * When you don’t trust your own people * The Constitutional Conference was attended by the Alliance government and not Umno (part 6 of the series on the Social Contract) * Why the mad scramble (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * The ‘Social Contract’ is signed and sealed on 8th February 1956 (part 5 of the series on the Social Contract) * The Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement (MCLM) (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * The agreement on the Malayan Civil Service (part 4 of the series on the Social Contract) * ‘Ketuanan Melayu’ was not part of the Merdeka deal (part 3 of the series on the Social Contract) THE CORRIDORS OF POWER The mystery of the missing initial report News image In 2008, the police raided my house to look for the PUSRAWI medical rep... Part 22: How one signature is worth RM614 million but which the MACC does not regard as abuse of power News image You have seen how a ‘surat sokongan’ or 'support letter' can get you a government contract. You have seen how Malaysian ministers, deputy prime ministers and prime ministers dish o... Part 21: The surat sokongan, the SOP for Barisan Nasional News image Recently, the MACC were frothing at the mouth when they heard that certain DAP leaders from Selangor had issued ‘surat sokongan’ or ‘support letters’ for government jobs and projects. A... Part 20: Skim runding terus, which the MACC does not regard as abuse of power News image Now let us look at the New Economic Policy in action and how 'skim runding terus' or direct negotiation contracts are implemented, and at what cost to the taxpayers. A... Part 19: Can the MACC explain this? News image The Urban Development Authority (UDA), in joint-venture with Timang Saga Sdn Bhd (who holds 70%), will be developing the site of the old Pudu Jail in Bukit Bintang, Kuala L... MCA is actually right (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) News image Let’s hope I don’t get to say ‘I told you so’ after the Galas and Batu Sapi by-elections. Let’s hope the opposition, for once, gets to prove me wrong. I... Part 18: Set up the Independent Anti-Corruption Commission, says the MACC senior officer (3) News image On 7th December 2006, Ramli Manan of the MACC said that the MACC has been r... The trial of Anwar Ibrahim News image The 24-page report on the trial of Datuk Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim in the High Court of Malaysia observed on behalf of ... Part 17: The MACC head is a ‘useless fella’ and bad police officer, says the MACC senior officer (2) News image On 7th December 2006, Ramli Manan of the MACC said that the MACC head is a ... Part 16: The MACC officers are useless, says the MACC senior officer (1) News image On 7th December 2006, Ramli Manan of the MACC sent Sidek Hassan, the KSN, an... * The mystery of the missing initial report * Part 22: How one signature is worth RM614 million but which the MACC does not regard as abuse of power * Part 21: The surat sokongan, the SOP for Barisan Nasional * Part 20: Skim runding terus, which the MACC does not regard as abuse of power * Part 19: Can the MACC explain this? * MCA is actually right (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * Part 18: Set up the Independent Anti-Corruption Commission, says the MACC senior officer (3) * The trial of Anwar Ibrahim * Part 17: The MACC head is a ‘useless fella’ and bad police officer, says the MACC senior officer (2) * Part 16: The MACC officers are useless, says the MACC senior officer (1) Top 10 This Week * ‘Ketuanan Melayu’ was not part of the Merdeka deal (part 3 of the series on the Social Contract) * MCA is actually right (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * The Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement (MCLM) (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * The agreement on the Malayan Civil Service (part 4 of the series on the Social Contract) * Part 19: Can the MACC explain this? * The ‘Social Contract’ is signed and sealed on 8th February 1956 (part 5 of the series on the Social Contract) * MAS Cabin Crew Lowest Paid in the World * Why the mad scramble (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * Part 21: The surat sokongan, the SOP for Barisan Nasional * Malacca to be ‘developed state’ Oct 20...NOT Top 10 This Month * Umno panics and does a u-turn * Don’t you just hate it when someone says: I told you so? (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * Part 4: The MACC NFA the case against Khir Toyo (1) * Part 5: The MACC NFA the case against Khir Toyo (2) * Part 12: Surat terbuka Dato Mat Zain bin Ibrahim * Part 10: The MACC NFA the case against Khir Toyo (7) * So, who was right, Anwar or I? * Part 9: The MACC NFA the case against Khir Toyo (6) * Umno is beginning to look better than PKR (UPDATED with Chinese Translation) * Musa Hassan, a thorn in Hishammuddin’s side RSS Feed 2.0 * Malaysia Today * The Corridors of Power * No Holds Barred * A Republic of Virtue * Dari Jelebu * Letters / Surat * Guest Columnist * Antara Kita * News / Comentaries * From Around the Blogs * Berita / Komentar * Special Reports BUY THE BOOK HERE **Paypal only option for now** AnswerTips-enabled This Site is AnswerTips enabled. Just double click on any word on this site to get a quick reference.

The Constitutional Conference of January-February 1956 agreed that a Constitutional Commission would be set to address many issues, one being to "safeguard the position and prestige of the Rulers" plus to "safeguard the special position of the Malays and the legitimate interests of the other (non-Malay) communities". There is no agreement on the Malays being accorded special rights and privileges and it was agreed that the new Federal Constitution of Malaya would be based on what the Constitutional Conference decides.

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Raja Petra Kamarudin

DOWNLOAD THE ENTIRE FILE IN PDF FORMAT HERE: http://malaysia-today.net/files/ConstitutionalConference.pdf 

MCLM’s Social Contract

This was our Agreement, our Contract, THE Social Contract, a Magna Carta of sorts. And that is why we defend this Social Contract in the form of The People’s Voice and The People’s Declaration with passion and zeal.

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Raja Petra Kamarudin
 
Tomorrow I will be on the road to make my way to London to attend the inaugural meeting of the Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement (MCLM) on Saturday. I will also be attending an anti-ISA demonstration at Piccadilly that same afternoon.

I will repeat what I said in my earlier articles. The first and primary objective of the MCLM is to promote and propagate The People’s Voice and The People’s Declaration (YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THEM BELOW). This is of course not the only objective of the MCLM, as what I have already explained in great detail in my earlier articles (which you can read here).

1. The Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement (MCLM)
2. Why the mad scramble
3. When you don’t trust your own people

Now, “why this fixation with The People’s Voice and The People’s Declaration?” you may ask. Simple, because this was what was agreed prior to the 2008 general election. Six political parties, three of them within Pakatan Rakyat, signed a Contact with those of us from the civil society movement at the Blog House in Kuala Lumpur (see the photographs below).

We entered into an Agreement and signed a Social Contract with six political parties contesting the last general election. (In fact, we invited ALL the more than 20 political parties to attend the signing ceremony but only six turned up). And we want this Agreement or Social Contract honoured and respected.

This was our Agreement, our Contract, THE Social Contract, a Magna Carta of sorts. And that is why we defend this Social Contract in the form of The People’s Voice and The People’s Declaration with passion and zeal. Call us fanatics, if you wish, because that is what we are when it comes to the Social Contract or Magna Carta that we signed with these six political parties.

Then, of course, it was not the MCLM. Then, it was a grouping called Barisan Rakyat. And note that Barisan Rakyat existed before Pakatan Rakyat was created. But now people think that Barisan Rakyat and Pakatan Rakyat are one and the same. Some even think that Barisan Rakyat is a ‘merger’ of Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Rakyat.

So, to make it clear that we are not a political party or a wing of Pakatan Rakyat or a merger of Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Rakyat, we decided to call ourselves the Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement, which was actually ‘soft-launched’ six years ago back in 2004 as the Malaysian Civil Liberties Society but never got past the Registrar of Societies.

THE PICTURE GALLERY OF BARISAN RAKYAT SIGNING A SOCIAL CONTRACT WITH SIX POLITICAL PARTIES AT THE BLOG HOUSE PRIOR TO THE 2008 GENERAL ELECTION AND THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN THAT FOLLOWED IT

The Barisan Rakyat poster that flooded the country in March 2008

Dr Siti Mariah Mahmud, the representative from PAS

Ronnie Liu Tian Khiew, the representative from DAP

Badrul Hisham Shaharin a.k.a. ‘Chegu Bard’, the representative from PKR

Wee Choo Keong, the representative from MDP

A group photograph of the signatories to The People’s Voice and The People’s Declaration

The Barisan Rakyat campaign team and shots of the election campaign (below)




DOWNLOAD THE PEOPLE’S VOICE AND THE PEOPLE’S DECLARATION HERE

http://mt.m2day.org/The_Peoples_Voice.pdf

http://mt.m2day.org/The_Peoples_Declaration.pdf

http://mt.m2day.org/Deklarasi_Rakyat.pdf

http://mt.m2day.org/Declaration_Chinese.pdf

The Constitutional Conference also addressed amendments to the Federation Agreement (part 7 of the series on the Social Contract)

The Federation of Malaya Agreement was signed on 21st January 1948 and came into force on 1st February of that same year. A form of common citizenship was created for all who acknowledged Malaya as their permanent home and the object of their undivided loyalty. Within this framework the settlements of Penang and Malacca remained British territory while Singapore became a separate colony under its own Governor.
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Raja Petra Kamarudin

The Constitutional Conference was attended by the Alliance government and not Umno (part 6 of the series on the Social Contract)

Appendix A of the report on the Constitutional Conference held in London from January-February 1956 shows that it was attended by the Alliance government of Malaya and not Umno. Also in attendance were representatives of the British government and the Malay Rulers of Malaya.

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Raja Petra Kamarudin

The ‘social contract’ — Concerned Scholars

by Dr Lim Teck Ghee, Dr Mavis Puthucheary, Dr Azmi Sharom, Dr Toh Kin Woon and Dr Wan Zawawi Ibrahim


We would like to provide some feedback to the speech made by Prime Minister Najib Razak on 21 October 2010 to the Umno general assembly in which he gave the impression that there is a ‘social contract’ whose terms are set in stone. He also told the delegates that no Malaysian should question it.

It is necessary to note that there is a range of views amongst us on the social contract issue and on how to respond to the Prime Minister’s advice.

One colleague has argued that it is not yet time for an “organized effort” of civil society to make such a statement as it may provoke negative reactions that may be harmful to our common pursuit of a fair and united nation.

Another has expressed concern that we must not play into the hands of politicians who will mobilize Malay support by trying to show that the non-Malays have reneged on their so-called promise to accept Malay political superiority in exchange for citizenship.

A third colleague has noted that there is really no need to contest what is ‘written’ in the social contract. Rather, we should question where a copy of the social contract is to be found so we can verify and discuss its contents and meaning.

Despite our different points of view, we are in agreement on three key points.

* It is important for Malaysians not to be gagged into silence on what is perhaps the most contentious issue standing in the way of better inter-communal relations in the country. The quicker we can

reach consensus on what the social contract means — not only in terms of what was agreed by the nation’s early leaders in the past but also, more importantly, on how this agreement should be understood by Malaysians today — the less divided and more hopeful will be our future.

* For us to reach this consensus, it is important to have the facts on what took place during that critical period of our history fully disclosed and available for public discussion. In particular, we will need to have the relevant reports of the Reid Commission so that Malaysians have the opportunity to read and understand the logic and wisdom of our early leaders and do not have to depend on politically skewed interpretations of what is supposed to comprise any agreement or social contract for that period.

* At the same time it is necessary for constitutional and legal experts, historians and other scholars to lend their expertise to the public understanding. Professional organizations such as the Bar Council, the Malaysian Social Science Association, and other bodies should organize talks, seminars and forums to ensure that the best minds on the subject can have their opinions disseminated to the public.

We believe that the Malaysian public has reached a level of political maturity so that we can have a rational and public debate on the way forward in terms of any inter-communal accord or understanding arrived at, and on what needs to be honoured and respected. For that reason, we are opposed to the position of Umno and MCA which is tantamount to decreeing a ban on public discussion of the issue.

The danger is that in not debating the issue openly — which is what the two main BN parties seem to be driving at — there is a real danger not only of driving that debate underground but also of reinforcing or entrenching ethnocentric interpretations that do not reflect the true intent of the constitutional agreement reached more than 50 years ago.

* Issued and signed by Dr Lim Teck Ghee, Dr Mavis Puthucheary, Dr Azmi Sharom, Dr Toh Kin Woon and Dr Wan Zawawi Ibrahim.

Let's have a rational debate on social contract

By Concerned Scholars

COMMENT We would like to provide some feedback to the speech made by Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak on Oct 21, 2010 to the Umno general assembly in which he gave the impression that there is a 'social contract' whose terms are set in stone.

He also told the delegates that no Malaysian should question it.
It is necessary to note that there is a range of views amongst us on the social contract issue and on how to respond to the prime minister’s advice.

One colleague has argued that it is not yet time for an “organized effort” of civil society to make such a statement as it may provoke negative reactions that may be harmful to our common pursuit of a fair and united nation.

Another has expressed concern that we must not play into the hands of politicians who will mobilize Malay support by trying to show that the non-Malays have reneged on their so-called promise to accept Malay political superiority in exchange for citizenship.

A third colleague has noted that there is really no need to contest what is 'written' in the social contract. Rather, we should question where a copy of the social contract is to be found so we can verify and discuss its contents and meaning.

Despite our different points of view, we are in agreement on three key points.

Firstly, it is important for Malaysians not to be gagged into silence on what is perhaps the most contentious issue standing in the way of better inter-communal relations in the country. The quicker we can reach consensus on what the social contract means – not only in terms of what was agreed by the nation’s early leaders in the past but also, more importantly, on how this agreement should be understood by Malaysians today – the less divided and more hopeful will be our future.

Secondly, for us to reach this consensus, it is important to have the facts on what took place during that critical period of our history fully disclosed and available for public discussion. In particular, we will need to have the relevant reports of the Reid Commission so that Malaysians have the opportunity to read and understand the logic and wisdom of our early leaders and do not have to depend on politically skewed interpretations of what is supposed to comprise any agreement or social contract for that period.

The danger of not debating

Finally, at the same time it is necessary for constitutional and legal experts, historians and other scholars to lend their expertise to the public understanding. Professional organizations such as the Bar Council, the Malaysian Social Science Association, and other bodies should organize talks, seminars and forums to ensure that the best minds on the subject can have their opinions disseminated to the public.

We believe that the Malaysian public has reached a level of political maturity so that we can have a rational and public debate on the way forward in terms of any inter-communal accord or understanding arrived at, and on what needs to be honoured and respected.

For that reason, we are opposed to the position of Umno and MCA which is tantamount to decreeing a ban on public discussion of the issue.

The danger is that in not debating the issue openly – which is what the two main BN parties seem to be driving at – there is a real danger not only of driving that debate underground but also of reinforcing or entrenching ethnocentric interpretations that do not reflect the true intent of the constitutional agreement reached more than 50 years ago.

---

The above article was jointly written by Dr Lim Teck Ghee, Dr Mavis Puthucheary, Dr Azmi Sharom, Dr Toh Kin Woon and Dr Wan Zawawi Ibrahim.

Social contract and the secret of Chinese 'success'

Prime Minister Najib Razak on Oct 21 at the Umno general assembly told his party delegates "... kewarganegaraan Malaysia pada dasarnya bukan lagi bersifat sama rata". This country does not have equal citizenship. 

Despite 1Malaysia (or Malaysian First), this is the core implication of Article 153, the 'special position' of the Malay. 

NEP is the realpolitik of a race-based system to distribute resources. There has been no negotiation on its implementation: Umno dictates, MCA complies although it gets around the discriminatory policy by 'settling' (read: 'gao dim' or greasing the palm). 

The so-called 'social contract' carries a rider; MCA navigates the lopsided terms and conditions using money as the medium. Well-connected wheelers and dealers have obtained a satisfactory outcome for themselves via the Ali Baba arrangement.

Hence the claim by Liew Kee Sin, a Tan Sri and a tycoon, that Chinese had thrived under NEP. But only for a small handful of Chinese. Liew, the SP Setia president-cum-CEO, raised hackles with his statement at the Chinese Economic Congress organized by MCA on Aug 14. His talk was titled 'Malay and Chinese collaboration to achieve NEM'. 

Incidentally, Najib delivered the keynote address at the event that included two Tan Sris and five Datuks among its speakers, and three Tan Sris and four Datuks as moderators and discussants.

Giving an example of how Chinese have fared well under NEP, Liew disclosed that SME owners can afford his company's expensive bungalows, exclaiming "One Chinaman want to build a bungalow of RM40 million!"

Zaid Ibrahim commenting on the sidelines was cheeky enough to spill the beans on the secret of Liew's success, i.e. stellar co-operation with the bumiputera shining stars.

Zaid informed us that the Chinese property magnate truly practises what he preaches, i.e. "We [Chinese] must also learn how to live with their [Malay] culture, their mindset." Racial muhibah was achieved long ago in high society.

Theory on the middle tier

The more Chinese are discriminated against in Malaysia, the better the community performs. This is a theory explored by two dons from Yale University and the University of British Columbia. The 30-page paper by Fang Han-ming and Peter Norman titled 'Government-mandated discriminatory policies: Theory and evidence' postulates that the NEP could actually have been the reason for, rather than an obstacle to, the Chinese's economic success. 

Their research was published in the International Economic Review, Vol.47, No.2, May 2006, and in also our CPI archives.

They wrote: "Some minorities, notably overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and Jews in Europe, have performed economically better than the native majorities, despite being subject to government-mandated discriminatory policies."

Nonetheless, Fang and Norman placed a caveat: the extent of the discriminatory policies is crucial. The discriminatory exclusion can only be beneficial if the government-controlled sector is small enough. Aside from the public sector, the other parts of the economy that the government can legislate are in the industries where the authorities have direct ownership or control through professional licensing. 

Occurring some years after the publication of the above study, the Low Siew Moi (left) episode inserts a more timely perspective. Loh, a long-time civil servant, failed to be confirmed as PKNS general manager by Selangor Menteri Besar Khalid Ibrahim due to the glass ceiling occasioned by her ethnicity. That Ketuanan Melayu objected vehemently to her appointment was a clear display of the minorities' limited access to public sector jobs and positions. 

Although Malaysia is in a denial mode, foreigners like Fang and Norman nonetheless make the comparison with apartheid. 

They noted: "As far as we understand, the policies facing Blacks [in South Africa previously] were significantly broader measures than those implemented in Southeast Asia. Moreover, it is necessary that some sector where investments in skills are important is left open for the discriminated group. Again, this seems like a more plausible assumption when considering overseas Chinese."

Their theory posits that exclusion from opportunities provided by the state created better incentives for Chinese to make a costly investment in skills. These skills are assets invaluable and crucial for private sector jobs. 

On the flip side, giving a group (read: Malay) preferential access to high-paying public sector jobs may dampen the incentives for skill investment so crucial in the private sector.

Consequences of apartheid

Fang and Norman also tackled the vexing question of why the Malay majority would have implemented a policy that ultimately hurt itself. They believe the "natural answer is that the negative indirect effect of preferential policies in favour of the Malays was quite subtle and difficult to forecast; whereas the direct beneficial effects were obvious." 

The direct benefits are that the public sector offers secure employment and generous perks. Government administration jobs ranked among the top five of 100 occupation categories, only slightly lower than architects and engineers. [S. Anand, 'Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia: Measurement and Decomposition' [Oxford University Press,1983].

From the recent budget announced for next year, taxpayers can get a clear idea of the staggering percentage of our national expenditure that goes towards paying the civil service.

Despite the minorities hardly benefitting from state largesse, Najib in his Umno speech on Thursday again made them the bogeyman. He attributed success to "creativity, innovation and the willingness of the individual to work hard and take risks".

Having said that, he added, "For example, the non-bumiputeras, after 39 years of affirmative policies being implemented, are still the race who own the largest share of wealth".

The Chinese indeed possess an unerring ability to cope with the hostile NEP environment. Yet paradoxically, this coping mechanism is a poisoned chalice with the effect of 'damned if you do, damned if you don't'. The insecure, fearful Malay views the trait of competitiveness as being 'ultra kiasu', innovative as 'underhanded'; resilient as 'cold and heartless'.

Essentially what the two Yale and University of Chicago professors have said -- if I may rephrase the idea as social Darwinism -- is that the Chinese survive when they are the fittest. But here, the fitter the Chinese are, the more the Malays feel intimidated.

The Mahathir era was a juggling act and to his credit, the maverick managed to keep all the balls in the air. Tensions aside, the good ship Malaysia Inc. stayed afloat. The Chinese were able to 'cari makan' but soon after Mahathir relaxed his iron grip and the unwritten 'social contract' began unravelling, the vessel started sinking. 

A good illustration, even today, of the Mahathir-Machiavellian method is the planned development of Kampung Baru, a Malay reservation where the residents want to retain this prime real estate 100% in bumiputera hands. It was Mahathir who urged that Chinese investment be allowed for the reason of "we want to use the non-Malays as bait to lure more visitors".

Mahathir's callous remark is a backhanded compliment on Chinese capital and business acumen, but galling.

While the Fang and Norman theory may be applicable to its time (the 1980s), and to certain segments of Chinese, it doesn't cover all bases. The working class and wage-earners -- and their children -- have been shut out and victimised by NEP.

Another important factor to be borne in mind is the time frame of the Fang and Norman study. It was premised on population data up till 1988 where Chinese formed 32%. However, Chinese had since declined to 24% of the population in 2007, and further fast decreasing. It is expected that Chinese will only be around 18.6% in another 25 years or likely even lower. 

Readjusting the variables to the current Chinese population ratio (and the much, much smaller slice projected in future) will be adversely affect the Fang-Norman theoretical framework. Their theory is that the NEP discriminatory exclusion is an obstacle that can be surmounted if the government-controlled sector does not encroach too much into private enterprise. 

However, in the last decade we've seen how the government has grown very big and its finger in every pie. In short, the Fang-Norman model that Chinese are inveterate high performers who run harder and jump higher needs a revisit under prevailing circumstances.

The ‘Social Contract’ is signed and sealed on 8th February 1956 (part 5 of the series on the Social Contract)

The Constitutional Conference agreed that Merdeka be given to Malaya in August 1957 subject to certain constitutional changes, as can be read below. To achieve this and to meet the tight deadline of August 1957, a Constitutional Commission would be set up. And this was the Reid Commission, which came out with the Articles to be included in the new Federal Constitution of Malaya. The signatories to this ‘Social Contract’ of 8th February 1956 were the representative of the Alliance government of Malaya, the representatives of the Malay Rulers, and the representatives of the British government
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Raja Petra Kamarudin