The Star
Sharing The Nation
By Zainah Anwar
There should be zero tolerance against those who abuse race and religion to promote supremacist thinking and incite hatred.
WHOSE
voice should prevail? Those who perpetually see race and religion as
being under threat and demand that every person who believes, thinks,
behaves, dresses, acts and opines differently should be “fixed” through
state-sanctioned operations (such as boot camps or rehabilitation
camps), punished under the Internal Security Act, the Sedition Act, the
Official Secrets Act, the Printing Presses and Publications Act, the
Syariah Criminal Offences Act, or just denounced and demonised as
enemies and traitors of race, religion and country?
Or those who
envision a democratic and just future, where rights are recognised on
the basis of citizenship rather than just race, religion, or sex?
The
choice is obvious to most of us, the good citizens of Malaysia who love
this country and are determined to be resilient, resourceful, and
open-minded to face the challenges and realities of the 21st century.
But there are demagogues in our midst who are relentless in their abuse of race and religion to stir up fear and conflict.
For what purpose? To remain in power so that their privileges and entitlements are entombed forever?
Could
this escalating rhetoric of racial and religious-based recriminations
be a last ditch do-or-die effort to maintain business as usual, never
mind the consequences to the nation or even their own party?
Is it because the elections are coming and they remain myopic in their belief that race and religion will win them the battle?
So
they endlessly manufacture many more new threats – from the innocuous
fun of poco-poco to the relativism of post-modernism, from calling
Muslims opposed to Umno and PAS unification as “
pengkhianat Islam” (traitors of Islam) to accusing Christians of plotting to turn Malaysia into a Christian state!
Even
the outdated “communists under every bed” threat is now being thrown
into the cauldron of dangers besieging the Malay community. All this, of
course, to add to the existing long list of threats that include
pluralism, liberalism, feminism, secularism,
kongsi raya, open house, tomboys and yoga.
If
this is merely tiresome, one can just laugh it off. Alas, it is not. It
is corrosive to the body politic and well-being of the nation. It
foreshadows a downhill slide into ethnic and religious conflict. It
contributes to the record outflow of capital and talent that the country
is suffering now.
It has got to stop!
And yet, for years,
a mainstream daily newspaper continues to be the conduit for such
inflammatory, unverified, provocative stories with front page banner
headlines, giving it authority and legitimacy with seeming support from
the powers that be.
The Government cannot talk about 1Malaysia,
economic transformation, government transformation, talent recruitment
or high income country on the one hand, and on the other legitimises,
whether directly or indirectly, the use of race and religion to incite
fear for short-term political gain.
It is hard to understand why
these same actors are trotting out the same old script that cost the
Barisan Nasional government so dearly in 2008. It’s as if nobody has
learnt any lessons from that political tsunami.
Since attacking
liberal Muslims and ungrateful Chinese did not work in 2008, they have
amended the script to add Christians and the so passé communists. Aren’t
they creating more enemies instead of making friends?
Ashutosh
Varshney, the Indian political scientist based in the United States,
spent 10 years examining three pairs of Indian cities, one riot prone
and the other peaceful, in confronting the same contentious ethnic
issue.
In his seminal work
Ethnic Conflict and Civil Life: Hindus and Muslims in India, he establishes three findings significant to Malaysia.
First,
the role of the press. In violent cities, instead of investigating
rumours, often strategically planted and spread, the press simply
printed them with abandon. In studying peaceful Calicut and violent
Aligarh over the Babari mosque agitation, he finds Aligarh’s local
newspapers printing inflammatory falsehoods, while Calicut’s newspapers
neutralised rumours after investigating and finding them unfounded.
When
I was a journalist 20 years ago, my editors would not print any news –
and certainly not on the front page – with alarming headlines without
authoritative verification. Now some mainstream newspapers act just like
irresponsible bloggers who turn rumours into instant fact,
intentionally to damage reputations and serve partisan interests.
Second,
Varshney finds that whether violence or peace prevails depends on the
role politicians play in polarising citizens along ethnic lines.
Politicians who seek to polarise Hindus and Muslims for the sake of
electoral advantage can tear at the fabric of everyday engagement among
citizens.
He finds that conflict erupts into violence when
organised gangs are not just involved, but are also protected by
politicians, thus escaping prosecution under the law for their criminal
actions.
Third, and most importantly, he finds that trust built
on inter-ethnic social and civic ties is critical for peace.
Inter-ethnic associations in cities, such as trade unions, business
associations, teachers, lawyers, doctors, non-governmental organisations
and some cadre-based political parties, are decisive in preventing
violence because they build bridges and manage tensions in times of
ethnic conflict.
Varshney finds that a synergy emerges between
communally integrated civic organisations and local arms of government.
This leads to better monitoring and preventive action as these
relationships nip rumours, small clashes and tensions in the bud. In the
end, polarising politicians either do not succeed or eventually give up
trying to provoke and engineer communal violence.
The lessons
for us are clear. The sources of threat to our society and the sources
of strength for bridge-building in our multi-ethnic society are clear
for all to see. Thank God, again and again, many fair-minded Malaysian
citizens have not risen up to bite the bait thrown out by the
demagogues.
The point is our diversity, our pluralism, had always
been our strength. We have a proud and long history of the races and
religions living and working together. Malaysia was truly Asia. Now this
rings hollow, meant only to trot out in tourism campaigns. Why is our
pluralism now a threat? On what basis? Where’s the evidence? Who
benefits from such a projection of threat?
What makes it
mind-boggling is why these supremacist groups are given so much face and
space? Think of the number of meetings held by those searching for
solutions to ethnic, religious and regional conflicts that have been
stormed by these “thugs”? Those of us meeting peacefully indoors,
sharing our concerns and exploring possible solutions were the ones
forced to abandon our meetings because they posed “a threat to public
order”!
It is high time the Government unequivocally adopt a
zero-tolerance policy against such agent provocateurs who abuse race and
religion to promote supremacist thinking and incite hatred.
Our
leaders must seriously come to grips with our new political realities
and work harder to bring the message of change to its grassroots
leaders. Some others do not even feel they need to be protected – by
anyone. They feel 40 years of affirmative action are enough for them to
stand on their own two feet and compete on their own strength and merit.
What they want now is just simple good governance to enable them to
thrive and for everyone to be given a fair chance to reach their full
potential.
I wish these demagogues would spend their time and
energy finding real solutions to real threats. For a start, how about
chewing on the fact that a Merdeka Center survey found that 70% of
Malays feel that the main threat to the Malay political position in the
country is corruption among Malay leaders. Not the Chinese, Christians,
communists, liberalism, pluralism, feminism, post-modernism, poco-poco,
or yoga.
Can we please not waste any more time and emotion on
imagined enemies and threats before we reach a point of no return? I
know problems exist. But can we please search for solutions through
rational dialogue and mutual respect, using verifiable facts, data and
analysis instead of inflammatory pronouncements and conspiracy theories?